Abstracto
- Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is a nutritious grain legume of the Papillinoid subfamily and Phaseoleae tribe originating from the Americas that is an export commodity crop or local staple traded and grown around the world on every continent except Antarctica. In addition, the same species is a very important pod vegetable in the United States, Latin America, Europe, India, Canada, China, and parts of East and West Africa. The importance of the species has led to many attempts at allele mining. Our objective in this review is to discuss allele mining with modern molecular markers and their applications as part of dry bean and snap bean pre-breeding. We discuss how genome-wide association study (GWAS) models have reconstructed the genomic bases for biotic resistance, abiotic tolerance, nutritional traits, and yield or eco-physiological responses. Throughout this review, we mention the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) that are associated with important breeding objectives in the crop. Principal technologies such as genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), Diversity Arrays Technology (DArTseq), double-digest restriction enzyme-associated DNA (ddRADseq), iSelect array scanning (Illumina), and re-sequencing are highlighted. These techniques have allowed for ever greater marker densities for association analyses and more precise QTN identification, with some studies requiring validation of marker-trait associations (MTAs) and some reaching the stage of fine mapping, candidate gene postulation, and even identification of causal mutations. This review also summarizes how GWAS can be leveraged to advance introgression breeding in common bean. Finally, we discuss the utility of associated molecular markers to tackle complex polygenic adaptation. This chapter also discusses the potential of allele mining in common bean breeding in the future. We end by proposing whether de novo GWAS-based reconstructions may facilitate GP inferences, and how GP could be coupled with introgression and hybrid breeding schemes as parts of genomic-assisted breeding. © 2025 selection and editorial matter, Chittaranjan Kole, C. Bharadwaj, and Abhimanyu Sarkar. All rights reserved.
