Abstracto
- Soybean cultivation in the Colombian Orinoquía region is developed under contrasting soil and climate conditions that affect seed physiological and sanitary quality. This study identified the climatic, soil, and phytopathological factors that affect seed quality in six varieties evaluated at five locations. A completely randomized design with four replicates per location was used. Climatic, soil, phenological, and sanitary variables were recorded. Pathogen incidence was determined using a negative binomial distribution model, and germination was assessed using path analysis. The results showed that Villavicencio (LIBB), during the second half of the year, presented the most favorable conditions for seed production, with adequate fertility levels, rainfall distribution, and low pathogen incidence, achieving germination rates above 80 %. In contrast, Taluma (TALA), during the first half of the year, presented the lowest germination rate (35 %) due to excess water and poor soils. At LIBA, germination reached 60 % despite excesses, possibly due to genetic traits. Leonas showed intermediate germination values (56 %) under high relative humidity and moderate water deficit. TALB presented the lowest rainfall, a prolonged water deficit, and low germination rates (53 %). The fungi Phomopsis sp. and Fusarium sp. were the primary pathogens identified, prevailing in environments characterized by high humidity and temperature. Path analysis showed a direct negative effect of water excess on germination (-0.40) and a positive indirect effect of sunlight (0.32). It is concluded that extreme water conditions, soil fertility, and pathogen pressure are determining factors in soybean seed quality in the Orinoquía region. © (2025), (Universidad Nacional de Colombia). All rights reserved.
